Digestive system involves several important organs in our body, each working according to his duties. The digestive tract begins from the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, colon, and ends at the anus. In addition to needing the digestive organs, in the process of digestion requires substances called enzymes. Enzymes are substances a type of protein that served to speed up the rate of chemical reaction so that the food is easily digested by the digestive organs. Pecernaan enzymes are found in some organs of the body, i.e. in the mouth, stomach, pancreas, intestine, and liver. Enzymes in the stomach, pancreas, and intestines smooth is the largest amounts.
In the mouth, there is ptialin enzymes produced by the salivary glands. This enzyme has a function to break down starch molecules into sakarida with simpler molecules (maltose). At the heart there are also organs of digestive enzyme called catalase. The enzyme catalase is instrumental to neutralize toxins.
Enzymes in the stomach, pancreas, and intestines Smooth and its functions
On the organ of the stomach, pancreas, intestine, and produces many enzymes that each has an important function so that the digestive process can run properly. Disruption or lack one of the digestive enzymes will certainly make the digestive system becomes less optimal. The following are each of the enzymes in the stomach, pancreas, and intestines smooth and their function:
1. The enzyme in the stomach
The stomach is a vital organ in the human digestive system. The function of the stomach in General as a place to hold and manipulate food in order to be a part of the more simple so capable is absorbed by the intestine. In the process of processing or the stomach digest food produces several enzymes, i.e. pepsin, renin, and lipase.
The enzyme renin is an enzyme in the stomach that serves to precipitate casein from the milk substance. Casein is a protein contained in milk (often called the cheese). The enzyme Renin produced by the stomach wall serves to precipitate casein in order that all the nutrients in breast milk can be digested and absorbed by the body.
The enzyme pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that functions to convert protein into pepton. Pepsin produced by the glands of the stomach in the form of pepsinogen, then reacts with stomach acid into pepsin. Proteins that go into the digestive tract is a compound with the molecular makeup of the complex so should be simplified into simpler molecules (pepton) by the enzyme pepsin so easily absorbed by the body.
The enzyme lipase is an enzyme in the gastric function to change the substance of fat into fatty acids and glycerol. As with proteins, fats also consists of complex molecules that must be simplified into simpler molecules, namely in the form of fatty acids and glycerol stomach so easy to digest that will be absorbed by the intestine.
In addition to enzymes in the stomach that has been mentioned above, in the process of food digestion of the stomach is also assisted by stomach acid (HCL). Gastric acid acts as a disinfectant or germ killer disease that goes to the stomach. Besides stomach acid also serves to protect the gastric wall, turning the pepsinogen into the enzyme pepsin, neutralize the alkaline food that goes into the stomach, and change the solubility of mineral salts.
HCL which is continuously produced by the stomach though incoming no food will be able to cause disease or gastritis, gastric acid, which can irritate the stomach wall. It is if it happens constantly in the long run can cause the risk of gastric cancer, therefore it is important to always eat regularly and on time.
2. Enzymes in the pancreas
Pancreas in the human body has the primary function is to produce hormones (endocrine function) and produce digestive enzymes (exocrine function). The pancreas is the organ that secretes insulin hormone that acts to regulate the absorption of glucose or blood sugar into body cells. A deficiency of this hormone can cause diabetes/diabetes mellitus. The pancreas also secretes several digestive enzymes, namely enzymes of pancreatic lipase, karbohidrase, and the enzyme trypsin.
Enzyme karbohidrase was instrumental for digested the starch contained in carbohydrates for converted into maltose or other sakarida compounds with simple molecules
The enzyme pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that is produced by the pancreas which functions similar to the enzyme lipase produced by the stomach, namely change fat into fatty acids and glycerol. But pancreatic lipase enzyme in this process is the end of the processing of fat so ready streamed to the duodenum (duodenal).
The enzyme trypsin has an important function, namely to change the pepton into amino acids to be sent into the duodenum. Pepton is molecular shape of proteins has been simplified in the gastric enzyme pepsin assistance. So the amino acid is a molecule with a simpler form of pepton so it makes it easy to be absorbed by the body through the intestine.
3. Enzyme in the intestine
Intestine is an important part of the digestive system because this occurs the process of absorption of sari-sari food. Foods that are processed in mechanical engineering through the mouth and chemically processed with the help of enzymes, then a large part of the nutrients from the food that we consume will be absorbed by the intestine and will be circulated to the network suluruh the body through blood vessels. Intestine consists of three parts, namely the duodenum (duodenum), jejenum, ileum and. The resulting enzyme in the intestine that is the enzyme maltase, lactase, erepsin, sukrase, enterokinase, peptidase, isomaltase, and Ribonuclease.
Maltase enzyme is an enzyme which serves to break down maltose into simpler molecules that is glucose. So the enzyme maltase enzyme function goes on karbohidrase that have run in the pancreas. Sukrose enzymes function to convert sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Enzyme erepsin functions to break up pepton into amino acids. So the enzyme erepsin it is tasked to continue the work of the enzyme pepsin in the stomach and the enzyme trypsin in the pancreas. Lactase enzyme acts to convert lactose into glucose and galactose molecule so that it can be easily absorbed by the intestine.
Enzyme enterokinase is an enzyme which has a special function that is to change tripsinogen into trypsin (to use in the pancreas), as well as enable erepsinogen be erepsin. So the enzyme enterokinase is on duty to enable the other enzymes to work optimally. Peptidase enzyme is an enzyme which was issued together with the SAP of the intestine (intestinum) which serves to change the molecules peptides into amino acids.
Isomaltase enzyme functions to change the maltose into simpler substances, namely komaltosa. While the Ribonuclease enzyme is an enzyme that plays a role in the process of DNA replication. So the enzyme Ribonuclease is tasked to RNA hydrolysis of phosphate bonding and separate mutually connects nucleotides.
Thus the enzymes in the stomach, pancreas, and intestines which plays an important role in the digestive system. Although its existence is invisible, the enzyme has a very important function in metabolic processes in the body. So that digestive enzymes can be awake and always work optimally, the things we should do, among others, by chewing soft food when eating, multiply the consumption of fiber, enough liquid intake, eating regularly, reduce consumption of fat, exercise regularly, and avoid stress.
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